Nowadays, solar power is more and more popular as it is the greenest energy power and it is also relatively simple to install and use with just solar panels, batteries, solar controllers and solar inverters, safe and effective.
Solar Controller is the small box located between the batteries and the solar panel. It performs two main functions:
Firstly, it protects the battery from overcharges, which usually happens when there is little consumption but there is a strong sun.
Secondly, it protects excessive discharge when there is little sun (i.e., bad weather conditions) and heavy consumption. Either way, the solar controller protects the battery from damage to its components.
In addition to controlling the amount of charge from the solar panel into the battery, you can directly charge appliances to the solar controller. In this instance, the batteries are bypassed but continue to receive charges from the panels.
You will need to ensure that it receives sufficient airflow and protected by shade as well as check on the connections on a regular basis and you are home free.
It also helps to install the right fuse between the solar controller and the solar panel to protect the components of the home system and the appliances connected to it from sudden changes in power generation, reduce the risks of fire and lengthen the serviceable life of the system itself.
When we study the description of any solar controller, the first item (and in some cases the only function) is to prevent the battery bank from being over charged. The controller does this by simply disconnecting the solar panels from the battery. So at a really basic level, the controller is just a switch.
It is however a switch with a brain. Clearly we want the controller to disconnect the solar panels only when the batteries are fully charged. To do this it must employ some intelligence and have some understanding of battery technology. The dumbest of controllers simply watch the battery voltage until it reaches the regulation point (battery maximum voltage) it then switches the panels off.
Most controllers have a bit more smarts than this. With some understanding of how batteries like to be charged, it is more reasonable to allow the battery voltage to rise to the regulation point, then carefully regulate the charge from the panels to hold the voltage at this point for a time (normally 1 – 2 hours). This is referred to as the absorption phase. This absorption phase typically takes the batteries from 92% up to fully charged.
After this absorption phase is complete, a smart controller will drop down into float mode. In this float mode the controller is letting just enough charge from the panels through to the batteries to keep the battery voltage up at its float point.
So this is the three stages that we hear about when the sales people are trying to convince us to pay for a smart or “three stage” solar controller (or battery charger).
Bulk – push as much power into the batteries as possible.
Absorption – control the charge to hold the battery voltage at a point for an hour or two.
Float – maintain the battery at close to full charge by controlling the charge and holding the battery voltage at a preset point.
Most controllers present some kind of information display. At the most basic level this is simply a couple of colored lights that give you some idea of the stage that the controller is currently in. The PL series (and others) have LCD displays that provide a huge array of information about what is happening and what has happened. The PL series holds basic data for 30 days. This means you can step back through 30 days of historic data and see what has been going on with your system during this time.
In a full solar system, sometimes you also need a power inverter, it simply put, the power inverter switches the direct current (DC) produced by the solar panels into the alternating current (AC) that runs the appliances in your home. It is located between the home appliances and the batteries (for stand alone setups) or between the mains wiring and the solar panels (for grid connect system)
If your home system belongs to the grid connect type, you will secure credit for the electricity contributed by the system. In some countries, you will be paid for the extra electricity.
You can choose from either the pure sine wave inverter or the modified sine wave inverter as per your requirement, the pure sine wave inverter is better than modified sine wave especially when you want a steady and stable flow of electricity and when you are plugging in highly-sensitive equipments.
We suggest you try WELLSEE Solar Controller and Solar Inverter which is resonable prices but very good quality.
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