There are some steps when you designing your solar power system!
Firstly, you need a solar panel rated at 12V or 24V or 48V.
Secondly, you need get a solar controller.
Thirdly, you need get a battery.
Lastly, you may need a DC to AC power inverter.
All components above we recommened WELLSEE brand, you can find local distributors or you can order on web www.wellsee.cc, all are cheap but high quality with high effiency.
Then you can find a cheap voltage meter to monitor the load on your power system.
Following, we suggest either a wooden box or preferably a plastic cooler simply because of the waterproofing that it would provide. Grab a drill, some insulated wiring, and your wits and drill out a spot on the box or cooler. These instructions will sound difficult, but they are a lot easier when you have the items in front of you. Place the voltage meter in this spot and connect the insulated wiring from the meter to the wing nut terminals on the battery. Remember, always connect the positive (+) pole first, then the negative (-) pole.
Ensure that the solar panel is properly wired to match the nominal operating voltage of the solar charge controller and battery system. Proper wiring diagrams for PV module/array can be obtained from the manufacturer or system designer. Identify the positive and negative leads of the PV array prior to connecting the charge regulator. The charge controller will automatically prevent the battery from overcharging.
Connect the battery leads to the terminal blocks on the charge controller labeled "Battery", also ensuring that the polarity of the battery leads are matched to the polarity of the terminal blocks.
Due to the controller's very high efficiency, it will be destroyed if hooked up improperly. Connect the PV array input leads to the terminal blocks on the controller labeled "PV Array", ensuring that the polarity of the input leads are matched to the polarity of the terminal blocks.
(positive to positive, negative to negative)
(positive to positive, negative to negative)
Connect the negative and positive leads of the load to the terminal block labeled "Load", ensuring that the polarity of the load leads are matched to the polarity of the terminal blocks, that is positive to positive and negative to negative.
At last, you can connect the power inverter to the battery, and get ready to mount your solar panel. Mount your solar panel in an area where the most sunlight is throughout the day. If you take this generator camping with you, be sure to secure the solar panel to avoid it falling or shifting in the wind.
The solar inverter performs the conversion of the variable DC output of the PV cells into a clean sinusoidal 50- or 60 Hz current.
The solar inverter is a critical component in a solar energy system. It performs the conversion of the variable DC output of the Photovoltaic (PV) module(s) into a clean sinusoidal 50- or 60 Hz AC current that is then applied directly to the commercial electrical grid or to a local, off-grid electrical network. Typically, communications capability is included so users can monitor the inverter and report on power and operating conditions, provide firmware updates and control the inverter grid connection. Depending on the grid infrastructure wired (RS-485, CAN, Power Line Communication, Ethernet) or wireless (Bluetooth, ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4, 6loWPAN) networking options can be used.
At the heart of the inverter is a real-time microcontroller. The controller executes the very precise algorithms required to invert the DC voltage generated by the solar module into AC. This controller is programmed to perform the control loops necessary for all the power management functions necessary including DC/DC and DC/AC. The controller also maximizes the power output from the PV through complex algorithms called maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
The PV maximum output power is dependent on the operating conditions and varies from moment to moment due to temperature, shading, soilage, cloud cover, and time of day so tracking and adjusting for this maximum power point is a continuous process. For systems with battery energy storage, the controller can control the charging as well as switch over to battery power once the sun sets or cloud cover reduces the PV output power. The controller contains advanced peripherals like high precision PWM outputs and ADCs for implementing control loops. The ADC measures variables, such as the PV output voltage and current, and then adjusts the DC/DC or DC/AC converter by changing the PWM duty cycle.
This whole solar power system is able to run a laptop, a fan, a small TV, a refrigerator, a air conditioner, an electronic locks, etc...all appliances will run easily off this system if the battery receives a decent charge. Just use more panels and bigger battery If your loads is big, and choose the suitable charge controller, it will save you much money.
